Where can I obtain a domain name without any charge?

While it might not be possible to get a completely free domain name that ends in a typical extension like `.com`, `.net`, `.org`, as these are usually controlled by registries that charge for their use, there are some options to get a domain name for free. Here are a few of them:

1. **Freenom:** Freenom offers free domain names with the extensions .tk, .ml, .ga, .cf, .gq. These might not be as professional looking as a .com, but if you're just experimenting or need a domain for personal use, these can be a good start.

2. **InfinityFree:** This web host provides free subdomains along with its free web hosting package.

3. **Dot.tk:** Similar to Freenom, it provides free .tk domain names. The service is free as long as the domain is used frequently.

4. **Subdomain from web hosting companies:** Some web hosting companies offer a free subdomain when you purchase (or even for free) their hosting package. For example, services like WordPress.com or Wix offer free subdomains, but they will be structured something like `yourchoice.wordpress.com` or `yourchoice.wix.com` as opposed to the clean `yourchoice.com`.

5. **GitHub Pages:** If you're looking to host a project or personal website, you can use GitHub Pages to get a free subdomain `yourusername.github.io`. This is particularly useful for those with programming or coding skills.


While the most effective way to obtain a domain that specifically suits your needs is usually to purchase one, there are additional avenues to secure access to a domain without paying.

Educational Institutions: Many universities provide students with free domains and subdomains under the school's primary domain name. They may also offer free hosting services. Be aware, though, that these domains are typically used for educational purposes and may not be appropriate for commercial use.

Website Builders: Several website building companies offer free plans. Along with a hosted site builder, their packages often include a free subdomain. Squarespace, Weebly, and Yola are examples of services that offer this option.

NIC Federal: NIC Federal provides organizations with free .fed.us domains. However, because these are government domains, they're only available to official recognized government organizations.

Nonprofits and Charitable Organizations: Some organizations may be eligible to get a free domain name through programs set up by entities like TechSoup. Google's nonprofit program also offers some options for nonprofits, although it's more convoluted than straight domain registration.
While most quality domain name options come at a cost, you may come across a few more services that offer free domains or subdomains:

Google Sites: With Google Sites, you can create a site and have it hosted for free, but the domain name will be a subdomain of page.site.google.com. While this is not a standalone domain, it still provides a web address under which you can operate.

FreeDNS: FreeDNS offers free domain hosting and static DNS services. While they don't provide free domain registrations, you can use their service to point a pre-existing (free or otherwise) domain at your site.

Dynu: Dynu gives you a free domain in the form of "yourname.dynu.com". They also offer free domain hosting, which means you can use a domain you already own.

DuckDNS: DuckDNS offers free subdomain DNS services, primarily intended for dynamic DNS. This is particularly useful if you want to host a small website from a home server while your IP address may change from time to time.

No-IP: Like DuckDNS, No-IP offers dynamic DNS services. No-IP's free service includes a subdomain under one of their domains (like yourname.ddns.net).

Co.cc: This service used to offer free .co.cc subdomains but ceased operations in 2013. You may still come across references to it online, but it's no longer an option.

Again, these options might satisfy your needs if you're on a tight budget or just starting up, but many of them are not ideal for a professional or commercial website, particularly when considering aspects such as credibility and SEO benefits. A full, paid domain name coupled with hosting services is generally the best option for businesses. Remember that it's important to check the terms and conditions of any service you use, for example, some free services may retain ownership over your domain name.

You won't find anyone who will give you second-level domains for free. On hosting sites that claim to offer free domains, the cost of the domain is actually included in the hosting fee (they just don't explicitly separate it in the bill). Alternatively, the domain might be registered under the name of a hosting employee rather than your own, which means it can be taken away at any time, especially when it becomes popular.

Domains in the TK zone and similar zones cannot be registered for free. You can only use them until you or someone else purchases the domain. This condition is clearly stated in the agreement, but you have the option to exercise your right to buy the domain at a price equal to or higher than the price offered by the potential buyer. For instance, let's say you've been using a domain in the TK zone for a couple of years, successfully promoting it. Then, a buyer comes along and offers $1000 for it. In this case, you have the first right to purchase the domain in the TK zone for a minimum price of $1000. If you decline, you will lose the domain you worked hard to promote.

As a rule of thumb, conventional domains aren't free of charge. With free hosting services, you'll be offered a selection of complimentary domains, however, it's recommended to steer clear of these. They can undermine the credibility of your project.

From a professional standpoint, investing in a quality domain is crucial as it enhances the respect and recognition for your project. A good domain name can lend a sense of reliability and professionalism that free domains often lack.