I am learning web development and have already gained a good grasp of HTML and CSS, and currently honing my skills in JavaScript. I often use Notepad to write codes, and I have accumulated several dоcuments with pre-written code for HTML and CSS.
However, the process of creating an actual website eludes me. According to my research online, it involves selecting a domain name, purchasing hosting services, and uploading files to the server.
So, the question remains, how do these codes from dоcuments become live, functioning websites on the internet?
To launch a website, you must tackle two tasks - hosting and domain registration.
Firstly, hosting refers to the computer where your website will reside on the internet. It is ideal to ensure that this computer is always online. You can easily store files in Google Drive and share them as a website. However, for better performance, it is advisable to search for a hosting service. There are numerous hosting options available, with Hostinger being one of them.
Once your website is hosted, you'll have an unpleasant-looking address like 123.123.123.122/userololo/www/index.html. To make it more appealing, you must register a cool domain name.
Top-level domains (TLDs) include .com, .io, .xyz, and .fr. Unfortunately, these are taken already, so registering such a domain isn't possible. However, a second-level domain like superdomenololo.com or superdomenololo.ru would cost roughly $5-10 per year. You can purchase these from registrars such as GoDaddy and Namecheap. The registrar and host will guide you through editing technical records, ensuring that the domain points to the computer's IP address.
Free third-level domains are often included in hosting packages. They are part of the provider's domain, meaning that your site's address could be mojnovijsajt.hosterololo.com.
To run a website on the Internet, a server program must be installed on a computer. This program waits for requests from clients and sends a response to each request. Web servers are typically used for websites and communicate with clients through the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. After receiving the request, the server checks the URL and the file path on the disk to locate the requested file. Static websites have HTML dоcuments stored in a folder on the server's disk that the server program takes when required.
Hosting provides a constantly running PC with all necessary programs installed for your website to be available to everyone online. However, IP addresses may change for technical reasons, so a domain name is preferred instead. DNS servers match IP addresses to domain names, so when a user enters a website address, the browser sends a request to the DNS server. The DNS server returns the corresponding IP address.
While it's possible to host a website on your own PC by installing a server program like Apache or NGinx, it's not recommended for several reasons. Firstly, your site will only be accessible when your PC is turned on. Secondly, providers usually provide dynamic IP addresses, which can change every time you connect to the internet. Getting a static IP from the provider would incur an additional cost, along with electricity consumption and faster resource depletion.
For a non-serious project or experimentation, free hosting services or a home PC as a server can be an option. However, limitations should be considered when making this choice.
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I'm thrilled to guide you through the various steps involved in this journey.
1. Domain Name Selection:
- The domain name is the unique web address that users type to access your website.
- Choosing the right domain name is crucial as it can significantly impact your online presence and branding.
- Research and select a domain name that is easy to remember, relevant to your website's content or purpose, and available for purchase.
- Consider factors like keyword relevance, domain extensions (e.g., .com, .org, .net), and potential trademark or legal issues.
- Popular domain registrars include GoDaddy, Namecheap, Google Domains, and Network Solutions, among others.
- Once you've selected your domain name, you can proceed to purchase it through your chosen registrar.
2. Web Hosting Setup:
- Web hosting providers offer the servers and infrastructure to store and serve your website's files to the internet.
- Evaluate hosting plans based on factors like storage space, bandwidth, server uptime, security features, and customer support.
- Some popular web hosting providers are Bluehost, HostGator, GoDaddy, and AWS (Amazon Web Services).
- Depending on your website's complexity and expected traffic, you may choose shared hosting, VPS (Virtual Private Server), or dedicated server plans.
- During the hosting setup, you'll need to configure DNS (Domain Name System) settings to link your domain name to your hosting account.
3. File Transfer and Website Deployment:
- Once you have your domain name and hosting in place, it's time to upload your HTML and CSS files to the server.
- Hosting providers often offer user-friendly control panels or FTP (File Transfer Protocol) clients to simplify the file transfer process.
- You can use an FTP client like FileZilla or WinSCP to securely transfer your website files from your local computer to the server.
- Ensure that the file structure and directory organization on the server match your local development setup.
- After the file transfer, your website's content should be accessible through the domain name you've registered.
4. Website Optimization and Maintenance:
- Optimize your website's performance by compressing and minifying your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files.
- Implement responsive design techniques to ensure your website looks and functions seamlessly across various devices and screen sizes.
- Regularly update and maintain your website's content, plugins, and security measures to keep it up-to-date and secure.
- Monitor your website's analytics and user behavior to identify areas for improvement and enhance the user experience.
5. Integrating JavaScript and Dynamic Features:
- As you continue to develop your JavaScript skills, you can begin to incorporate dynamic elements, interactivity, and server-side functionality into your website.
- This may involve connecting your website to databases, implementing e-commerce features, or integrating APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to enhance the user experience.
- Carefully plan and design the architecture of your website to ensure scalability, maintainability, and optimal performance.
Remember, the world of web development is vast and constantly evolving. Don't hesitate to explore online resources, participate in developer communities, and seek guidance from experienced professionals. The more you immerse yourself in the process, the more confident and skilled you'll become as a web developer.
You need a domain name, which is your site's address on the web; think of it as your digital real estate. Next, you'll need hosting, which is essentially renting space on a server to store your files. Once that's set, you can upload your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files using an FTP client or your hosting provider's file manager.
Voilà! Your code goes from Notepad to the internet.